The 2023 route for the men's Tour de France unveiled Thursday passes across all five of the nation's mountain ranges, favouring climbers such as 2019 champion Egan Bernal.

The 3,404km route embarks from Spain's Basque Country on July 1 for a route featuring eight mountain stages and four hilly stages with just one medium length individual time trial placed early in the final week.

The route however ignores almost all of western and northern France.

"Over five or six years it evens out and we eventually get everywhere," race organiser Christian Prudhomme said.

The killer stage in the 21 day race appears to be stage 17 from Saint-Gervais Mont-Blanc to Courchevel, dotted with four peaks and ascending way above the tree line to 2,300m of altitude where the oxygen is thin.

That kind of mountain stage would appear tailor-made for Bernal and would give him hope against the two men who have won the title since, Tadej Pogacar and Jonas Vingegaard.

"I'll be out training as soon as the snow melts," Pogacar promised at the presentation gala.

Gone is the day-20 individual time-trial that produced such drama in the last two editions.

Instead organisers this year placed a blockbuster mountain run on that 20th stage from Belfort to Le Markstein Fellering, with a devastating five mountains to climb on what is ostensibly the final day.

Emerging rider Remco Evenepoel won the Vuelta a Espana and the world championships in 2022, but the young Belgian may be discouraged by the lack of time-trial on this edition.

"We'd be absolutely delighted if he did come," said Prudhomme.

Mark Cavendish, the joint-record holder for stage wins (34), lauded the route as "hard but beautiful and dynamic".

"There's a lot of real sprints, you know, long bunch sprint finishes," said the 37-year-old.

"It's nice all different types of riders get their chance," said Cavendish.

The women's Tour de France route from July 23-30 was also unveiled on Thursday with a 1000km route starting from Clermont Ferrand and taking the riders through the south and an ascent of the Col du Tourmalet in the Pyrenees as its highlight.

Invitation to attack

Continuing efforts to enliven the racing, especially the early action, the 2023 men's route is laced with terrain tempting the great one-day specialists to soak up some glory.

The forested hills around Bilbao on stage one are an open invitation for the one-day specialists to go all in for the coveted overall leader's yellow jersey right from day one.

That should also force a first minor skirmish among the overall contenders.

A daredevil finale on the 20km descent to the chic coastal resort of San Sebastian is likely to provide a show on stage two.

Day three takes the action back to France where the 22 teams of eight riders each move into the Pyrenees on the first weekend with storied mountains the Tourmalet and Aspin bringing the overall contenders into the thick of the battle.

The race then heads towards the Massif Central where the giant volcano Puy de Dome awaits before stints in the Jura, the Alps and finally the Vosges.

There are high-altitude finish lines at Cauterets-Cambasque, Puy de Dôme, Grand Colombier and Saint-Gervais Mont-Blanc.

Tradition suggests the race will be won in the Alps, but can only be clinched on stage 20 in the Vosges where five mountains could deliver a late twist. The first ten days however offer an open invitation to the emerging 'total cycling' adepts in the peloton.

This 110th edition of the Tour de France will be broadcast in 190 countries.